Mobile edition

1. WordPress Mobile Edition
Developed by Crowd Favorite, this plugin has got a clean user interface that is designed for mobile devices. When a person visits your site from a mobile browser, it automatically detects the browser and loads the mobile version of your site. You can edit the list of mobile browsers in the settings page. This plugin enables particular theme to load on a specific mobile browser or device for example iPhone, Windows Mobile, Opera Mini web browser and other mobile web browsers.
2. WordPressMobile.mobi
One of the most popular mobile WordPress plugins, with thousands of downloads. This WordPress plugin makes your blog more mobile friendly, reducing the load time on mobile browsers and configuring your pages properly.
3. WordPress Mobile Pack
Another WordPress plugin for mobile browsers. It has got mobile recognition, device adaptation and it is widget ready. With the mobile recognition and device adaptation feature, it automatically re-sizes the images, split the articles or post into multiple pages such that your web page looks just fine on any of the mobile phones. It has a mobile admin panel so the admin of the site can easily manage it. Mobile ad widget allows mobile ads or mobile Adsense to be displayed on the mobile version of the web pages.
4. MobilePress
You can set this plugin to display a specific theme for a specific device model or mobile browsers like the iPhone, Opera Mini, etc., such that your blog displays according to the device capability. This plugin also allows the WordPress theme developers to develop their own mobile themes for WordPress blogs.
5. Mobile Admin
This WordPress plugin enables you to access admin user interface on mobile devices in a users friendly manner. This plugin is especially developed for the browsers on the iPhone and iPod Touch devices and it supports most of the other mobile browsers at basic level. Mobile Admin supports most of the basic WordPress admin features like editing posts with auto-save feature, tagging support, comment moderation, and more.
6. Mobilize
This WordPress plugin, once installed, will detect any mobiles phone having access to your site and it will redirect it to the Mippin server. Mippin will then rearrange your web page and its contents to suit the cell phone type. For example, if your website has images, then Mippin will re-size the images to fit the mobile screen and videos are converted to 3gp format such that users can have a comfortable and quick access to your site.
7. WPhone Admin Plug-in
This plugin will allow you to manage your WordPress install using a mobile browser. It has two mobile admin interfaces, one is for use on the iPhone/iPod Touch and other devices which supports full JavaScript and features CSS AJAX and sliding menus. And another is Lite version to use on phones that do not support JavaScript. It will automatically switch between the rich and lite versions based on the browser you use.
8. Mowser
Mowser is a service that lets your WordPress blog to be viewed more comfortably and quickly on a mobile browser or on any other mobile device. This plugin will automatically detect when a user is trying to access your WordPress based blog using a mobile phone and it will redirect to the optimized mobile version of your blog.
9. Wetomo WordPress to Mobile
Wetomo plugin will automatically detect when a user is trying to access your URL from a mobile phone. Wetomo will act as a proxy between you and the user, modifying your blog to suit the handset of the user such that your blog looks great on any of the mobile browsers.
10. WP viewMobile
This plugin is designed to make your WordPress blog mobile internet ready. It will detect when a user is accessing your blog via a mobile phone. It automatically sends a template which is optimized for mobile devices. It tries to re-size the images in your blog to suite the mobile phone or else it removes them completely if the mobile browser does not support images, such that your users can access your blog without any problem.
Srikanth is the author of the Tech Inspiration blog, where he writes about gadgets and technology tips.
10 Mobile Plugins for WordPress

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The entire medical world continous to pay homge to Laennec for his gift of space interpersonal .As if this were not enough he permitted himself to be struck by the frequent appearence ar auto spy of livers that were yellow.Knobbly and hard.This marvel has named cirrhosis,form the Greek word for tawny,Kirrhos.The liver appears yellow because it is fatty hard becuase it is scarred,and knobby becuase the regeneration of liver tissue between the scares produces little mounds or hillocks .It was suspected by Laennec and is known by all the rest of us today,that by far the most common cause of cirrhosis is the consumption of alcohol.

cirihosis

It was a French physician who first described the disease known Cirihosis of the Liver.This fastidous gentelman was the very same whose aversion to applying his naked ear to the perfumed but unbathed bosms of his patients inspired him to invent the sethascope.whichh idea he plagiarised from group of street urchins playing with rolled-up -paper.

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The human body is perfectly body is perfectly suited for the ingestion of alcohol,and for its rapid utilisation in that sense we wre not unlike alcohol lamps.Endless is our egerness to deevour alcohol .witness the facts that it is absorbed not only from the intestine,as are all other foods but directly from the stomach as well .It can be taken in by the lungs as inhalant and even belongs the task of oxidising the alcohol.But even the studiest liver can handle only a drop or two at a

time,and the reminder swirls caselesssly about in the blood stream is exhaled by the lungs and thus provides the police with a sure method of detecting and measuring the lifting the inhibitory cortex off the primal swamp of the id and permetting to surface all sorts of delicious urges such as the one to walk in to peoples houses wearing your wife's hat.happily enough,the brain is not originically alterd by alcohol uneless taken in nears-lethal amounts.The brain cells are not destroyed by it any kind of moderate drinking and if the alcohol is wiht drawm from the diet,the brain rapidly awakens and resumes its functuin at the usual if not normal,level .One must reckon,nerthless with the hangovr which retribute phenomenon is devised to make the drinker feel guilty.

OLCOHAL

Man's romance with alcohaol had its origin in the Neolithic age or earlier pressumbly from the accidental tasting by some curious fellow of,lets say.fermented honeyor meadas it ts written in Beowulf.the attainment of the resaultant euphoria has remained a continus striving of the human race with the exception of the perserve era of prohibition which presumed to tear asunder that which Nature had joined in absolute harmony .From its first appearence on the planet ,alcohol has never been absent from the scene.

More in Fruits

Weighing at three to four pounds,about one fifteenth of the total body heft,the liver is the largest of the glands.It is devided in two great loabs ,the right and left,and two small lobes ,the caudate and the quadrate.In hte strangely beauti dynamism of embrology, the liver appears as a tree that grows out of the virgin land of foregut in order to increase its metabolic and digestive function.Its spreading crown of tissue continues to draw norrishment from blood vessels of the intestine .Legion are the functionsof this workhorse,the most obivious of which is manifacture and secretarian of a pint of bile a day without which golden liquor we could not digest so much as a single raisin;

health

Fruits very help ful to our health

Lets enjoy with the fruits . Many protiens are there in fruits.

Hai

GOOD HEALTH FOR HUMAN WORLD WITH PURE WATER

REACHING FOR THE STARS

Kalpana Chawla,Indias first woman astronaut to go in to space was born in 1961 in Karnal to Banarasi Lal chawla and sanjyoti.Youngest in a family of four children ,Kalpana had two sisters and a brother.Her father's people had come to India from pakistan during the riots followin partition carrying nothing more valuble with them than their innate optomism and resourcefulness .Although the family was economically comfortable by the time Montu-as kalpana was fondly called at home--was born,she as well as her brothers and sisters grew up on

accounts of the remarkable hard work and perseverance that had got the family where it was .Speaking to india Today before the launch of the columbia in 2003 Kalpana said about the early of years as a member of chawla family.'you could'nt lose by working hard, and ecery one seemed to follow the rule.It helped insitl the notion that no matter what the circumstances .you can indeed follow your dreams'.It is thus easy to understand how the grit and determation so characteristic of the family elders left a deep and lasting impression on young kalpana . Memmories of u only .India us proud of u

INSPIRATION

Water supplies

The messure necessary to control the movement of water and conserve the supplies of it can also serve subsidary purposes of value to the life of the country side.By far the cheapest form of internal transport in a country is by boats and barges through canals and rivers .We hear much about tprogrammes or rails and road construction .but far too little about the development of internal water ways in India.Then,again the harnessing of water supplies useually also make a tremendous difference .In particular it wouls enable underground water to be tapped to greater extant then at present and thus help to overcome the difficults arising from irregularity or inadequancy of other sources of suppky.In one sense,water is the commonest of liquids in another sense,it is the most uncommon of liquids with amazing properties which are responsible for its unique power of maintaining animal and plant life.The investigation of the nature and properties of water is therefore of the highest scientific intrest and is far from an exhausted field of research.

Rain fall

toIt is evident however that in country having only a seasonal rain fall an immense quantity of rain water must necassarily run off the ground.The collectioandutilizatioofthiswateris,therfore ,of vital importance.Much of it flows down in to the streams and riverse andultimately finds its way the sea.Increadible large quantities of the percious fluid are thus lost to the country .The harnessing of our rivers, the waters of which now mostly run in to waste ,is a great national problem which must be considered and dealt with on national lines.Vast areas of land which at present are mere scrub jungle could be turned in to fertile and prosperous country by courages and well-planned action.Closely connected with the conservation of water supplies is the problem of afforestation.The systamatic planting of suitable trees in every possible or even in impossible areas,and the jungle(forest) is one of the most urgent needs of India.Such plantation would directly and indirectly prove a source of untold wealth to the country.They would check soil erosion and conserve the rain fall of the country from flowing away to waste,and would provide the necessary supplies of cheap fuel,and thus render unnecessary the wasteful conversion of farmyard manure in to a form of fuel.

water use

The menaca which soil erosion presents to the continiuance of successful agriculture is alarming one in many parts of india ,calling urgently for attention and preventive action.The terracing of the land construction of bunds to check the flow of water the practice of contour cultivations and the planting of approproiate types of vegetation are amongst the mesaures that have been

suggested .It is obiviou that the aim should be to check the flow of water at the earliest possible stage before it has acquired any appreciable momentum and cprrespondingly large destructive power.

water is the basis of all life.Every animal and every plant contains substantial proportion of free or combined water in its body ,and no king of physiological activity is posssible in which the fluid does not play an essential part .water is ,of course necessary of animal lilfe,while moisture in the soil is equally imperative for the life and growth of planets and trees through the quantity neccesary varies enormously with the species .The conservation and utilisation of water is thus fundemental for human welfare.Apart from artesian water the ultimate source in all cases very sensitive to any failure or irregularity of the same .The problem of soil erosion and adoption of techniques preventing soil erosion would also help to conserve and keep the water where itis wanted,in other words on and in the soil and such techniques therefore serve a double purpose

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Soil eroison occures in succesive steps steps.the earliest of which may easily pass unnoticed.In the later stages the cutting up and washing away make all agriculture painfully apparent in the formation of deep gullies and ravines which make all agriculture impossible .sudden bursts of excessively heavy rain resulting in a large run of surplus water are the principle factors in causing soil erosion.Contributely causes are the slope of the land removal of the natural protective coat of vegetarian ,the existance of ruts along which the water can flow with rapidly large quntities of precious soil can be washed away if such conditions as is unhappily too ofern the case.

Water

The flow of water is has undoubtly played a great part and a benifit one in this geological process by which the soil on the earths surface has been formed from the rocks of its crust.The same agency ,however under appropriate conditions can also play a destrictive part and wash away the soil which is the foundation of all agricultures and if allowed to proceeed unchecked can have the mot disatrous effects on the life of the country .The problem of soil erosion is one of serious import in various countries and especially in many parts of india.The conditons under which it occures and the measures by which it can be checked are deserving of the closest study.

happy

Have a good day from padma

The Elixer of life

One of the most remarkable facts about waer is its power to carry silt or finely devide soil in sespension.This is the origin of the water in rained tanks .This colour varies with the nature of the earth in the catchment area and is most vivid imediately after a fresh inflow following rain .Swiftly following water can carry fairly large and heavy particles .The finest particulars,however remain floating within the liquid inspite of their greater density and are carried to great distance .such particles are of course extremely small ,but their number is also great and incredibley large amounts of solid matter can be transported in this way.when slit-landen water mixes with the salt water of the sea,there is a rapid preciption of the suspended matter.This can be rapidly seen when one travels by steamer down a great river to the deep sea.The colour of the water changes successively form the muddy red or brown of slit through varying shades of yellow and green finally to the blue of the deep sea. The great tracts of land have been formed by slit thus deposited in evident on an examination of the soil in alluvial areas .Such land consisting as it does of finely devided matter is usually very fertile.

o

Water

i give this example and could give many others to emphasis that this common substance which we take for granted in our everyday life is the most wonderful thing on the face of our earth .It has playes a role of vast signifcance in shipping course of the earth's history and continuous to play the leading role in the drame of life on the surface of our planet.

There is nothing which adds so much to the beauty of the country side as water be it just a little pond by the wayside where an cattle quench their thirst of an evening.The rainfed tanks that are so common in south india-alas often so sadly neglected in their maintenance-are a cheering sight when they are full.They are of course shallow but this is less evident since the water is still laden and throws the light back ,and the bottom does not therefore show up n.These tanks plays a vital role in south indian agriculture,in mysore for example much of the rice is grown under them.some of these tanks are surprisinglylarge and it is a beautiful sight tosee the sunrise or set over one of them .water in a landscape may be compated to the eyes in a human face.It reflects the mood of the hour,being bright and gay when the sunshines turning to dark and gloomy when the sky is overcast

ENVIRONMENT

Man has through the ages sought in vain for am imergency elisit of life,the divine amritha,a draught of which was throught to confer immortlity.But the true elixit of life lies near our hands.For it is the commonest of all liquids,plain water! i remember one day standing on the line which seperates the Libyan Desert from the valley of the Nile in Egypt.On one side was visible a sea of billowing sand without a speack of green or a single living thing any where visible on it.On the other side lay one of the greatest most fertile and densely populated areas to be found anywhere on the earth ,teeming with life river itself brough downas the finest silt in its flood through the ages in through which the Nile flows in to the sea.Egypt,infact was made by its river .Its ancient civilization was created and is substained by the life-giving waters which come down year after year with unfailing regularity.

Media

As i write these words on May 3,World press Freedom day.Iam reminded that 12 journalists have been killed just that year,according to the committe to project journalists a New-York based independent non-profit organisation.All over the worlds journalists are jailed,attacked and harrased every day.
Throughout the world ,world press Freedom Day observed on May 3,serves as an occasion to inform the public of violations of the right freedom of expression and as reminder that many journalists brave death or jail to bring people their daily news .Freedom of the press is the mortar that binds to gether the bricks of freedom-and it is so also the open window embedded in those bricks through which we can all see the world.
The day marks the anniversery of declaration of windhoek,a statement of principles drawn up by African journalists calling for a free,independent and plurastic meida in their continent and throughout the world.the decleration adopted in 1991 at a seminaar organised by the United nations and UNESCO in windhoek,Nambia,affirms that a free press is essential to the existance of democracy and fundemental human goal.
A free press is one of the most essential componets of democratic society.And there is no longer any serious debate about the propositons that democracy is essential for social and economic devolopment.

Ordinary Ethics

According to the Gorniak hypothesis ,ethical theories of the west and those of other cultures in Asia,Africa,the pacific islands etc.,will eventually be supresed by a global ethics evolving from todays computer ethics 'computer ethics then will become the 'ordinary'ehtics of the information age.
In her 1999 ETHICOMP paper Deborah Johnson expressed a view which upon first sight may seem to be the same as Gorniak .
But closer look at the Johnson hypothesis reveals that it is very different from Goriank,In Goriank view ,the computer revolution will eventually lead to new ethical system global and cross-cultural in nature.The new 'ethics for the information age according to Goriank will supplant parochical theories like Bentham's and Kant's based on relatively isolated culturs in Europe .Asia,Africa and other regions of the globe .
Johnson hypothesis in reality is essentially the opposit of Goriank.It assumes that computer ethics,rather than replacing theories and principles according to johnson,will remain the bedrock foundation of ethical thinking and analysis and the computer revolution will not lead to a revolution in ethics.
At the dawn of the 21st century ,then computer ethics thinkers have offered the world tow very different views of the likely ethical relavance of computer technology.The wiener-Maner-Goriank point of view sees computer technology as ethically revolutionary.requiring human beings to re-examine the foundations of ethics and the very defination of human life.The more conservative Johnson perspective is that fundamental ethical theoriess willremain unaffected-consequently computer ethics issues are simply the same old ethics questions wiht a new twist and consequently computer ethics as a distinct branch of applied philosophy will ultimately disappear.

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Just as the major ethical theories of Bentham and kant were devoloped in response to the printing press revolution ,so new ethical theory is likely to emege from computer ethics in response to the computer revolution.The newly emerging field of information ethics therefore is much more important than evenis founders and advocates believe.
The very nature of the computer revolution indicates that the ethic of the future will have a global character.It will be global in spatial sense,since it will encompass the entire globe .It will also be globat in the sense that it will address the totality of human actions and relations .
Computer do not know borders.Computer networks have atruly global character.Hence when we are talking about the computer ethics,we are talking about the emarging global Ethic.

In 1985

Since 1985,the field of computers ethics has grown exponentially .New universities courses,research centers conferences articles and text books have appeared and a wide diversity of additonal scholors and topics have been havebecome involved.Devolopments in Europe and Australiahave been especially note worthy with new research centers begins set up in England ,poland ,Holland and italy and international conferences such as the ETHICOMP series of confirences beingor ganised.
Given the explosive growth of computer ethics during the two devades the fiels appears to have a very robust and significiant future.How can it be then two important thinkers-krystyna Gorniak-KociKowska and Deborah Johnson---have recently argued that computer ethics will disappear as a branch of applied ethics .
In her 1995 ETHICOMP paper ,Gorniak predicted that computer ethics which is currently considered just a branch of applied ethics,will elvove in to a sytem of global ethics applicable in every circute on earth.

Computer Ethics

Computer provide us with capabilities and these in turn give us new choices for action .Often either no polices for conduct in these situations exist or existing policis seem indequate .A central task of computer ethics is to determine what we should do in such cases...of course ethical situations confront us as individuals and some as a society .computer ethics includes consideration both personal and social polices for the ethical use of computer technology.
The year 1985 was a watershed year for computer ethics not only because of the special isuue of Metaphilosophy and Moors a classic article,but also because Deborah Johnson published the major text book in the field computer ethics,as well as an edited collection of readings with john snapper,Ethical issues in the use of computers pose new versions of standard moral problems and moral dilemmas,excerbating the old relems 'unlike maner (1996),johnson did not did not think that created wholly new ethical problwms but rather give a new twise=t responsible.

Medical Ethics

In 1976,while teaching a medical ethics course walter Maner noticed that,often ,when computers are involoved in medical ethics cases .new ethically important considerations arise.This convinced of the need for a seperate branch of applied ethics which he dubbed 'computer ethics' .Maner defined computer ethics as that branch of applied ethics which studies ethical problems 'aggravated transformed or created by computer technology'adn offered guidelines for dealoing with this subject in the class room in A starterKit for teaching computer ethics .
Inspired by Maners work .Terell ward bynum the writer developed curricuum meterials and a university course in 1979 and in the early 1980's gave speeches and ran workshops at a variety of conferences across America.In 1983,as editor of the journal Metaphilosaphy,he launched an essay competetiion to generate intrest computer ethics and to create a special issue of the journal.Entitled 'computers and Ethics and to create a special issue on the journal .

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Also in the mid 1960s computer enabled isvasions of privacy big brother government agencies became apublic worry and led to books articles government studies and proposed privacy legislation.By the mid 1970s new privacy laws and computer crime laws had been enacted in America and Europe and organisations of computer professionals were adopting codes on conduct for their members.At the same time ,MIT computer scientiset joseph weizenbaum crated a computer program Eliza,intended to crudely simulate a Rogerien psychotherapist engaged in intial interview with a patient .The simple program brought forth a host of appalling reactions some Psychiatists ,for example viewed his results as evidence that computers will soon provide automated psychotherapy and certain students and staff at MIT even became emotionally involved with the computer and shared their intimate thoughts with it concerned by the ethical implications of such response,weozeenbaum wrote the book Computer power and Humon reasons (1976),which is how considered a class in computer ethics.

Applied ethics

Unfortunatly this complex and important new area of applied ethics which wiener founded in the 1940s remained nearly undevoloped and unexpoored until the mid 1960s.By them important social and ethical consequences of computer technology and already become manifest and intrest in computer related ethical issues began to grow .computer aided bank robberies and other crimes attracted the attention of Donn parker,who wrote books and articles on the computer crime and created code of ethics for the members of the Association for computing Machinery in 1973 ,(The ACM code was revised in the early 1980s and again in the early 1990s.)

Human beings

The human use of Human beings,which not only established him as the founder of computer ethics(a term he did not use),but far more importantly,laid down a comprehensive computer ethjics foundation whihc remains today a powerful basis for research and analysis in the field.wiener made it clear tht in his opinion ,the integratiion of computer technology in to society would constitute its remarking-the second industrial revoluton-destined to affec every major aspect of life .The computer revolution would be a multi faceted,on going under standing would necesserily include a wide diversity of tasks and challengers for workers governments,professional organisations.sociologists psycologists and to deal.

History of computer Ethics

Computer Ethics as a field of study was founded by Norbert wiener,a proffessor in in the Mit ,in the early 1940s while helping to devolop an anti aircraft cannon capable of shooting down fast warplanes.One part of the cannon had to be percieve and track an airplane then caluculate its likely trajectory and'talk'to another part of the cannon to fire the shells.The engineering challenge of this project caused wiener and some colleagues to create a new branch of science ,which wiener called 'cybernetics'--the science of information feed back created at time .led wiener to draw some remarkabley insightful ethical conclusions .He perceptively fore saw revotionary social and ethical consequences.In 1948.

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Now,if you believe that the universe is not arbitrary,but is governed by definite laws you ultimateky have to combine the partial theoris in to a complete infield theory that will describe every thing in the universe ,Because the partial theories that we already have are sufficient to make accurate preductions in all but the most extreme situations the search for the ultimate theory of the universe seems difficult t justify on practical grounds .(It is worth nothing through that similar arguments could have been used against both relativity and quantum mechanics,and these theories have given us both nuclear energy and the microelectronics revolution!).The discovery of acomplete unified theory ,therfore may not aid the surviaval of our spices.It may not even affect our lifestyle .But ever since tha dawn of civilization ,people have not been content to see events as unconnected and inespcable .They have craved an understanding of the underlying order in the world.

scientsts

Today scientsts describe the universe in terms of twobasic partial theories -the general theory of relativity and quantum machanics,the great intellectual acheivements of the half of this century.The general theory of relatively describes the force of gravity and the large scale structure on scale from only a few miles to as large as a million milion million (1 with twenty four zero after it)miles the size if the observable universe.Quantam machanics s\on the other hand deals with phenomena on extremely small scales such as millionth of a millionth of an inch,Unfortunately however these two theories are known to be inconsistant will each other-they cannot both be correct.One of the major endeavours in physics today is the search for new theory that will incorporate them both -a quantum theory of growth .we di not yet have such a theory and we may still be a long way from having one but we do already know many of the properties that must have.

small example

Neverthless ,it is certainly the way that we have made progress in the past.the classic example again is the Newtonian theory of gravity which tells us that the gravitional force between two bodies depends only on one number associated with each body,its mass, but is other wise independet of what the bodies are made of .Thus one does not need to have theory of structure and constitutions of the sun and the planets in order to caluclate their orbits.

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They would say that God,being omnipotent ,could have started the universe off any way he wanted .That may be so but it appears that he chose to make it evolve in a very regular way sccording to certain laws .If there fore seems equally responsable to suppose that there are also laws governering the intial state.
It turns out to be very difficult to devise a theory to describe the universe all in one go,instead,we break the problem up in to bits and invent a number of partial theories .Each of these partial theories describes and predicts a certain limited class of observations neglecting the effects of ther quantities or representing them by simple sets of numbers .iT MAY BE THAT THIS APPROACH IS COMPLETLY WRONG.iF EVERYTHING IN THE UNIVERSE DEPENDS IS COMPLETELY WRONG. If everything in the universse depends on every thing else in a fundamental way,it might be impossible to get close to a full solution by investigating parts of the problemin isolation.

Goal of science

The eventual goal of science is provide a single theory that describes the whole universe.However the approach most scientists actually follow is to seperate the problem in to two parts.First there are the laws athat tell us how the universe changes with time.Second there is the question of the intial state of the universe.Some people feel that science should be concerned with only the first part;they regard the question of the intial situation as a matter for metaphysics of religions.

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Any physical theory is always provisional,in the sense that it is only a hypothesis.As philospher of science Kal popper has emphasisd a good theory is characterised by the fact that it makes a number of predictions that couldin principle be disproved or falsified by observation.Each time new experiments are observed to agree with the predictions the theory survives and our confidence in it is increased but if ever a new observations is found to disagree,we have to abandon or modify the theory.In practice,what often happens is that a new theory is devised that is really an extesion of the previous theory.For esample Einstein's general theory of relativity predicaed a slightly different motion form Newton's theory of gravity.

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In order to talk about the nature of hte universe and to discuss question such as whether it has a begining or an end,you have to be clear about what s scientifc theory is .I shall take the simple-minded view that a theory is just a model of the universe ,or a restricted part of it and a a set of rules that relate quantities in the model to oservations that we make .It esists only in our minds and does not have any other reality.A theory is good theory if it satisfies two requirements :it must accurently describe a large class of observations on the basis of a model that contains only a few arbitrary elements and it must make definite predictions about the results of future observations.For example Aristotle's theory that every thing was made out of four eliments earth,air,fire,water was simple enough to qualify,but it didnot make any defintire predictions .On the other hand,Newton's theory of gravity was based on an even simpler model,in which bodies attracted each other with a force that was proportional to a quatity called their mass and inversely propotional to the square of the distance between them.yet it predicts the motions of the sun the moon and the planets to a high degree of accurance.

Hubbles says

Hubbles observations suggested that there was a time,called the Big bang,when the universe was infinitesmallysmall and infinitely dense.Under such conditions all the laws of science,and therefore all ability to predict the future,would break down.One may say that time had a begining at the big bang,in the sensee that earlier times simply would not be defined .It should be emphasised that this begining in time is very different from those that had been considered previously.In an unchanging universe a begining in time is something thas to be imposed by some being outside the universe;there is no physical necesity for the begining.One can imaginethat God created the universe at literally any time in the past.On the other hand , if the universe is expanding there may be physical reasons why there had to be begining.One could still imagine that God created the universe at the instant of the Big Bang,or even afterwards in just such a way as to make it look as through there had been Big Bang,it would be meaningless to suppose that it was created before the Big bang.

And more

When most people believed in an essantially static and unchanging universe,the question of whether or not it had a begining was really one of metaphysics or theology.One could account for what was obseved wqually well on the theory that the universe had exists forever on the theory that it was set in motion at some finite time in such a manner as to look as through it had existed forever,But in 1929,Edwin Hubble made the land mark obsevation that wherever you look,distant glaxies are moving rapidly away form us.In other words,the universe is expanding .This means that at earlier times objects would have been closer together.In fact it seemed that there was a time ,about ten or twenty thousands million years ago.when they were all at exactly the same place and when ,therefore the density of the universe was infinite.This discovery finally brought the question of the begining of the universe in to the realm of science.

Laser printer

Computer printer in which the image to be printed is formed by the action of a laser on light-sensitive drum then transferred to paper by means of an electrostatic charge.Laser Printers are page printers which can take the form text pictures,is made up of tinuy dots .The quality of the image generated depends on the fineness of these dots-laser printer resolution go from 300 to 1800 dpi Speeds vary from 4 to over 30 pages per minute.
Because they produce very high qualityprint and are virtiually silent,small laser printers have replaced dot matrix and daisy wheel printers as the most popular types of micro computer printer
Line printer:Computer printer that printers a complete line of characters at a time .Line printers can acheive very high printing speeds of up to 2500 lines a minute but can print only one type face,cannot print graaphics and are very noisy.Until the late 1980 s they were the obvious choice for high -volume printing.but high -speed page printers such as laser printers are now preffered.

LAN

Abbreviation for local area network
Laptop computer: portable micro computer small enough to be used on the operators lap.It consists of a single unit,incorporting a key word.Floppy disc or hard disc drives a screen and sometimes a track hall.The screen often forms a lid that folds back in use.It uses a liquid crystal or gas-plasma display,rather than the bulkier and heavier cathode-ray tubes found in most display terminals.Atypical laptop computer measors about 210x297 mm/8.3x11.7 in (A4) is 5 cm/2 in thick and weights less than 3 kg/6 1b9 oz.Smaller computers include notebook computers palmtop computers and personal communicaations.

Key board

Input device resembling a type writer keyboard used to enter instructions and data .Ther are many variations on the layout andlabelling of keys .Extra numeric keys may be added as may special purpose function keys.
Kilo byte(K or kbyte)unit of memmory equal to 1024 bytes It is sometimes used less precisely to mean 1,000bytes.
Knowledge-based system (KBS)computer program that uses an encoding of human knowledge to help solve problems.It was discovered during research in to artificial inteelegence that adding heursitics (rules of thumb)enabled program to tackle problems that were other wise differnt to solve by the useual techniques of computer sciences.

Dos

IN this ccronym for disc operating system computer operating systemspecially designed for use with disc storage also used is as an alterantive name for the use with disc storage also used as an alternative name for a particular operating system MS-DOS

wishes

I wishes all the best and good luck to the blogers

Keep smiling

Have a good day

Disc formatting

Disc formatting preparing a blank magnetic disc so that data can be stored on it,Data are recorded on a disc's surfae on circular tracks each of which is devided in to a number of sectors .In formatting a disc the computer operating system adds control information such as track and sector numbers which enables the data stored to be access correctly by the disk drive unit.
Some word processing systems are Hard-sectored
Floppy discs In which the formatting was determined by whole punched in the disks .Today however all micro process are soft sectored discs,which are either sold perfaormatter or formaatted using the utility program provided with every micro computer operating system.

Disc

Disc or Disk common medium for storing data(an alternative is magnetic tape)A magnetic disc is ratated at high speed in a disc drive unit as read the magnetic variations that encode tha data.Recently optical dises such as CD-ROM(compact-disk read only memmory)CD-R(Recordable compact discs),and worm (write once read many times)have been used to store computer data
Magnetic discs comes in several forms.Fixed hard discs are built in to the disc -drive unit,occasionalyly stacked on top of one another .Removable hard dics are contained individually or as stacks (disk packs),in a protective plastic case,and can be taken out of the drive unit and kept for later use.A floppy disc(or diskette)is the most common form of backing store for microcomputers.It is much smaller in size and capacity than a hard disc and is so called because it is manufactured form thin flexible plastic coated with a magnetic meterial.

DDT

This abbrevation is digital data transmission way of sening data by converting all signals
whether picturs,sounds or words)in to numeric normally binary codes befor transmission then reconverting them on recipt This virutal eliminates any distortion or degraditon of the signal during transmission,storage or processing .see also Integrated series Digital Network.

Water mellon thats the fruit of enargy and fun of with this fruit.Which as healthwise very good.very best results our health.Which as blood purifier and reduces the diagestive problems.This fruit also used in makeup.Which as facial.And childrens is very interested this fruit.And when we eat in summer the water mellon it protected from de hidrated our health. people are like very much .

Digital

This digital term meaning coded as number .Adigtal diplay shows discrete values as numbers (as opposed to an analogue signals,such as the continous seweep of a pointer on a dial)
digital audio tapes(DAT) catdige tape,holding up to several gigabytes of information used for backup supports data transfer rates of several megabytes per minute .
Digital computer computing devices that operates on atwo-state system using symbols that are internally coded using the binary number of systems(Number made up of combination of the digits 0 and 1 see computer

DTP

This DTP known as desktop publishing use of micro computers foor small scale typesettig and page makeup..DTP systems are capable for prducing camera ready pages(pages ready for photographing and printing)made up of text and graphics with text seet in different type faces and sizes.The page can be previewed on the screen before final printing on a laser printer.DTP systems can useually produce Postscript files which can be transferred to a type setting bureau for out put on bromide.
Digit any of the numbers form0 to 9 the decimal systems differnt bases have different ranges of digits.For examples the Hexadecimal system has digits 0 to 9 and A to F where as the binary systems has two digits(orbits),0and 1.

Delete

This delete function is remove or erase.Deletation of character removes it from the file .Deletion of a file normally means removing its directory entry,rather thatn actually delating it form the disc.Many systems now have an undlete faiclity that allowes the restoration of the directory entry .While deleted files may not have been removed from the disc they can be overwritten .
Desktop :Graphical representation of file systems,in which applications and files are represented by pictre(icons)which can be trigged by a single ordouble click with a mouse button such a graphical used interface can be compared with the command line interface,which is character based.

Dbase

Family of micro computer programs used for manipulating large quantities of data;also a related fourthgeneration language.The first version DbaseII,appeared in 1981;it has since become the basis for a recognized standard for data base applications known as Xbase.
Decimal number system or denary number system the most commonly used number system to the base ten other systems are mainly used in computing and include the binary number system octal number system and hexadecimal number system.

The daisy wheel

The daisy wheel can be changed to provide different type faces;however,daisywheel printters cannot print graphics and can only print more than one type face in the same document if the daisy wheels is changed some softwere data facts figues and symbols especially as stored in computers.The term is ofter used to mean raw unpropossed facts as distinct from ingormation to which a meaning or interpretaion has been applied .
Data base structured collection of data which may be manipulated to select and sort desired items of information .There are three maintypes(or models)hierachical,network and relational of which relational is the most widely used.A free text base is one that holds the unstructured text of articals or books in aform htat permitts rapid searching .A data base-management systems(DBMS) program program ensures that the integrity of the data is maintained by controlling the degree of access of teh applications programs using the data.Data bases are no longer only used by large organizations with mainframes or minicomputers but are now widely available on micro computers .

compatablity

The extent to which a given piece of hardware or softwere confirms to an accepted standard,regardless of the original manifacturer.
In hardwere compatibility is often expressed in terms of widely accepted models-for example you might see a computer described as Hayes-compatiblity .This designation implies that the device will perform in thesame way as the standard device.

compatibility

corruption of data

This correption of data introduction or presence of errors in data.Most computers use a range of verifications and validation routiens to prevent corrupt data from entering the computer system or to detect corrupt data that are already present.
Cursor:on a computer screen the symbol that indicates the current entry position (positon where are the next character will apper).In character based applications it usual consists of a solid rectangle orunderline character,flashing on and off,In graphical user interfaces it may change shape depending on the context.
card:A printed circuit board or adapter that you plug in to a computer to add support ofr specific peice of hardwere.

computer graphics

Use of computers to display and manipulate information in pictorial form.The drwing is stored in the computer as raster graphics or vector graphics .Computer graphics are inscreasingly used in CAD(Computer aided designed)and to genearate models and simulation and engeneering metrology medicin and surgury for other fields or science as well as in publishing
Computer numerical contro(CNC) control of the machine tools,most often milling machins by a computer.The pattern of word for the machine to follw which often involves performing repeated sauences of actions is described using aspecial purpose programming language.
Configuartion way in which a system,hardwere and or softwere is set up.A minimum configuration is often reffered to for a particular application and this will useually include a specification o processor,disc and memory size and peripherals required.

computer game

This computer game or video game any computer-controlled game in which the computer (sometime)opposes the human player .computer games typically employ fast animated graphics on screen and synthesized sound .
Computer generation any of the five broad groups in to which computers may be classified ;first generation the earliest computer devoloped in the 1940s and 1950s made form values wire circuits second generation using micro process large sclae integration(LSI) and sophisticated programming languaes,still in use in the 1990s and fifth generation based on parllel processing and very large sclae integrations (VLSI)currently under development .

computer programe

Computer program electronic device that processes data and perform caluculations and other symbol-manipulation tasks.There are three types:the digital computer which maipulates information coded a binary numbers works with continousely varying quantities and the hybrid computer which has charcterstics of both anologue and digital computers .
There are four classifications of digital computers corresponding roughly to their size and intended use:microcomputers incluging portable computers are the smallest and most common ,used in small business,at home,and schools ;microcomputers are found in medium sized buisiness and university departments (althrough the distinction between microcomputers and minicomputers is disappearing);mainframes,which can often services several hundred users simulatneously are found in large organizations such as national companies;and super computers mostly used for highly-comples scientific taskssuch as analyzing the results of weather fore casting.

Compact disc

CD optical disc,about 12cm/4.5 in across used to store digital information.The disc is made of aluuminium covered with a transparent plastic coating Microscopic pits etched by laser on the surface of the metal are used to store the data in binary code.During playback a laser beam reads the code and produces signals that are near-perfect relicas of the originalls.

COBOL

(abbrevation for common business-oriant language high-level language designed in the ;late 1950s for commercial data processing problems it has become the major language in this field.hwere as COBOL features powerful facilities for file handling business arithmetic.Program is instructions written in this language make extensive use of words and look very much like English Sentences.This makes COBOL one of the easiet languages to learn and under stand

Clip-board

Clip board temporary file or memmory area where data can be stored before being copied in to an applications file,used for example in cut and paste operations

Cd-1

CD-1 this has the abbrevation for compact idsc-interactive format of compact disc developed by phlips for storing a combination of videos audios text and picture .Inttened principally for the consumer market to be used in systems using a combination of computer and television.An alternative format is digital video Interactive(DVI).
CD-R(compact idsc-recordable)type of compact disc on which data can be overwritten (compare cd-rom).The disc combines magntics.

Browser

1.An application program used to explore internet resources.Abrowser lets you wander from node to node withou concern for the technical details of the links between the nodes or the specific methods used to access them,and presents the information-text,graphics ,sound,or video -as a document on the screen.
2.A small application used to scan a database or a list of files.see also Hotjava,Mosiac,web browser,world wide web.
C high general purpose computer programming language.Devoloped in tyhe early 1970s from an earlier language of the operating system Unix,though it has since become widespread beyond Unix.It is useful for writing fast and efficiant progams,both operating system (which control the operations of the computer)and applications.
C++ High-level program language used in object-orianted applications.
CAD:(acronym for computer aided design)use ocomputers in creating and editing design drawing.CAD also allows such things as automatic testing of designs and multiple or animated thre-dimensional views of designs,CAD designs are widely used in artichtetselectronics and engenering -for example in the vehicle industry where as cars designed with the assistance of computers are now commonplace.A related devolopment is CAM

Hard-disk

Insurance against posible hard-disk or file-server failure>Hard-siks often fail completly taking all your work wiht them If this failure occures,you can reload your files and directiories from the backup copy.A back up is your insurance against disk failure affecting the thousands or possibly tens of thousands of file you might have on your frile server.
Back up:This program an appliation that you se to make archiever or backup copies of important data files.
Broad cost:A novell Net-ware server utility used to send a message>it can send message to all users logged in to the network.It can send a message to all users or to specific user group or worksatation number.

POINTES TO DERIVED CLASSES

WE CAN USE POINTERS NOT ONLY TO THE BASE OBJECTS OF DERIVED CLASSES.Therefore to the objects of a base class are type-compatiable wiht pointers to objects of derived class .therefore a single pointer variable can be made to the point to the objects of aderived belonging to different classes.For examole if B is a base class and D is a derived classes.For example be a pointer of D.consider the following declerations.
B *cptr;
B d;
D d;
cptr=&b;
we can make cptr to point to the object d is follows
cptr=&d
The perfectly valid with c++ because d is an object derived from the class b however there is a problem in using cpr we can access onle those members inherited from B and not the members of B,then any reference to that membr by cptr will always access the basic class members.

polymorphism

Poalymorphism is one of the crucial features of oop.Its simply means one name,multiple forms we have already seen how the concept of polimorphism is implemented using the overloaded functions and operators.The overloaded functions and operators.The overloaded member functions are selected for invoking by matching arguments,both type and number.This function is known to the compile time and,therefor compiler is able to select the appropriate function for a paticular call at the compile time itself.This is called early binding or static linking.Also known as compile time polymorphysm,early bringing simply means tha an object is bound to its functions call at the compile time .

STRUCTURES

WE have seen variables of simple data types such as float ,char and int variables of such types represent one item of information.But just an eggs are organized in to eggs,employees in to departments.It ogten convenient to organize simple variables in to more complex entities.The C++ constrution called the structure is one way to do this a structure is a collection of simple variables.The variables in a structure can be differnt types .Some can be int some can be float and so on.The data items in a structure are called the members of the structure,For c++ programmers structures are ne of the two important building blocks in the understanding of the objects and classes.
syntax of the structure:
struct or Tag
{
datatype membername1;
datatype member2;
};
Defining a structure variable is the same as that for defining a built in datatype such int(in c you need to include the keyword struct in structure definatiions as in c++ keyword struct is not necessary).

POINTERS OF FUNCTIONS

Functions like data items have addresses.A functions address is the memory at which the stored machine language code for the function begin normally its neither important nor useful for user to know the address.But it can be useful to programe.
For,example,It's possible to write a function that takes the address of another function as an argument.That enables the first function to find the second function adn run it.This approach is more awkward than simply having the first function call the second one directly,but it leaves open the possibaity of passing different function address at a different times.
The machanism involves few steps such as.
1.Take the address of function.
2.Declare a pointer to a function to invoke the Function.
OBTAING THE ADDRESS OF A FUNCTIONS:
Taking the address of a function is simple just use the function name without trailing parenthneses For wxample if SUM() is the function then sumis the address of the function.So as to pass a function as an argument pass the function name.
process(think); //passes adress of think() to process() //
thoughr(thunk()) // passes return values of think () tothrough//
DECLARING POINTER TO A FUNCTION :
Double (*pf) (int); //pf points to a function that takes one int argument and thatreturns type double//
Using a pointer to invoke a function:
All that we have to do is to to just use pointer name to call the function.

ADVANTAGE OF PROVIDING THE DEFAULT VALUES

1. We can default arguments to add now parameters to the exiting functions.
2.Default arguments can be used to cobine similar functions in to one.
FUNCTION OVERLOADING OR FUNCTION POLYMORPHISAM:
Function polymorphism also called funcrtion overloadinfg lets use multiple function sharing the same name.The expression polymorphism means havinfg many forms so function pholymorphism lets have many form similarly
The expression function overloading means you can attach more then one function to be the same name,thus function overloading to design a family of functions that to essentially the same thing but using different argument lists.Overloading of the functions should be done with caution .We should not overload unrelated functions and should reserve function overloading for functions that perform closely related tasks .Sometimes,the default arguments may be used instead of overloading .This may reduce the number of functions to be defined.The correct functions to be invoked is determine by cheking the number and type of arguments and than calls the appropriate functionafor execution .A best match must be unique.The function selection involves the following steps

DEFAULT ARGUMENTS

C++ programming language has made if possible that functions can be called without specifying all its arguments.To archieve this goal a function call uses certain parameter or arguments called Actual Parameters and the called function holds perameters which are called as formal parameters.Sowhenever you ignore the actual argument the format parameter can intiaalized at the own value which is called as default argument value.And this value has to be intialized at the time of function prototype only and always the value should be initialized only from right to left.
Defaulth arguments are useful in situations where some arguments always the same value for instance bank intrest may remain the some for all customers for a particular period of deposit.It also provides a greater flexiblity to the programers.A function can be writhe with more parameters than are required for its most common application.Using default arguments a programmer can use only those arguments that are meaningfull to a particular situation.

FUNCTIONS

A function isa programming technique were we try to group some statements in to a unit and gave it a name and this unit then he invoked from the other parts of the programme.
To use a function you must do the following:
1.Provide a function definition
2.Provide a function prototype
3.call the function
If you are using a library function the function has already been defined and compiled for you and to provide prototype you can use a standard header file so all that's left to do is call the functions property.Functions canbe grouped in to the categories that don't have return values and functions properly.Functions without return values are terned void functions and they are declared in the following manner.
void functionname(Argument List)
{
statements;
A function with a return value of syntax
Typename functionname(Arguments)
{
statements;
return value;
}

THE WHILE LOOP

The while loop is a for loop stripped of the initiliazation and update parts,it has a just a condition and a test condition and a body.
While(test condition)
body
Multiple statement in the while loop:
As earlier said mutiple statements can be return in a while loop by including the statements in the braces.
The Do while loop:
we have now seen the for loop and the while loop.the third c++ is the do while loop from the other two because it first execute the body then it tries to evaluate the test expression.If the condition evaluates to true than a new cycle of execution and termination begins otherwise it terminates the loop always executes at least once because its programflow that pass the through the body of the loopbefore reaching the test.Here is the syntax.
do
body;
while(test expression)

Loops statements

Any programming language generallywill be having certain tools through which a user can perform repetative actions and as well as for decision making.C++ of course provides such tools ,indeed it uses the same for loops while loops,d0 while loops,if statements and switches that regular Cemployes.
Circumstances often call upon program repetative tasks.
here is the syntax one of the looping statement
FOR(intialization,text-expression,update expression)
body
c++ syntaz counts a complete for statement as a single statement even though it may in corporate one or more statements in the body portion.C++allowes the declaration of the variable in the for loop it self which is not possible in C
The useual parts of a for loop handle these steps
1.Setting the value initially
2.Performing a test to see if the loop should continue
3.Executing the loop actions
4.updating the values used for the post.

SWITCH

You can extend an if else sequence to handle five alternatives.But c++switch statement handles selecting a choie from an extend list more easily here is a general from for switch statement.
switch (integer expression)
{
case lable 1:
statements;
break;
case lable 2:
statements;
break;
default;
statement;
}
A c++ switch statement allows the user to select a sequences by specifying any option on reaching a switch the program jumps to the line labeled with value corresponding,to the value of intiger expression once a program jumps to a particular line in switch,if then sequently executes all the statements following that line in the switch unless you explecitly direct it otherwise.Execution does not automatically stop at the next case.To make execution stop at the end of a paticular group of statements.You must use the break statements.

THE ELSE STATEMENT

The if statement lets a program decide whether a particular statement or block is executed.the if else statement lets a programme decided which of two statements or blocks is executed.It's an invaluable statement for creating alternative course of action.
The if else statement has this general form
If (test condition)
statement1
else
satement 2
if test-condition is nonzero the programexecutes statement 1 and skips over statement2.Ohterwise when test condition is zero(false),the program skips statement1 and executes and executes statement 2 instead.
Here is an example program
include
void main()
{
int bas;
cout<<"enter basic salary"
cin>>bas;
if(bas>1000)
cout<
cout<<>
}

BRANCHING STATEMENTS

THE IF STATEMENT
When a C++ programm most choose whether or not to take particular action.You can use the if statement.
The if comes in two forms if and if else
syntax of sample If condition
if(test condition)
stetement
The if statement directs a program to execute a statement block if a test condition true and to skip that statement or block if the conditiond is false.The example is below
include
void main()
{
int a;
cout<<"enter an number";
cin>>a;
if(a>0)
cout<<"a is positive" ;
}

Polymorphism and overloading

operator overloading is a concept in which we try to addd our own special meaning to the operators such as "+" and "=+ and others and we try to use this operators along with the objects like in primary data types such as int.such a conept in which the operators of functionas behaving in two different ways is called as polymorphism.
DATA TYPES SUPPORTED BY C++
Integer: Intiger representd by int occupies 2 byte of storage and holds numbers in the range of -32,768 to32,767
Char: this type stores integers in the range of -128 to 127 variables of this type occupies only one byte.
Float:storing numbers as floating poing variables the type float stores numebrs in the range of 3.4*10-38 to 3.481038 with a precision of seven digits.It occupies 4 bytes in memory.

REUSEBILITY

once a class has been written created and debugged it can be distributed
to other programemers for use in their own programs>This is called Reusability it is similar to the way a library functions in a procedural language can be incorporated in to the different programes.
However in OOP the concept of the inheritance provides an important extension to the idea reusability .A programmercan take an existing class and without modifying it add additional features and capabilities to this is done by deviring a nerw class from the existing one.
The new class will inhert the capabilities of the old one .But is free to add new faturesof own.

INHERITANCE

THE IDEA OF classes leads to the idea of inheritance.In our daily lives we use the concepts of classes being devidee in to the sub classes. we know that the class of vehicles is devidedin to cars,truck,buses and motorcycle.The princioes in the sort of division is that thesub classes shares common characterstics with the class from which it is derived.
cars,trucks,buses,motorcycle they have motor and wheels these are definding characterstics of vehicles.In addition the characterstics shared with other meembers of class ,each sub class also has its own particular characterstics.For instance buses have many more seats for many people to sit it ,while truks have space for hauling heavy loads in similar way an OOP class can be devided in to sub classes .Inthe C++ the original class called the base class other classes can be defined that share its characterstics but add their own well.there are called derived classes.

THE OBJECT ORIANTED APPROACH

The fundamental idea behinding object orianted languages is to combine in to a single unit both data and hte functins that operate on that data such a unit called an object. So here an object in c++ is nothing but a variable which holds both data members and the operations associated with the data members and this evolution of objects as lead to the number of new concepts such as Data Encapsulation and dData hiding.
As you know in our real life we come across with a number of objects and we tryto identify this objects by differentiating them in to classes.the programming technique in object oriented programming languages is to the first create a class with data members and member functions and members of that class can be accessed only by the member functions of the class but not by any outside function is called is called as Data hiding and encapsulating Data members with member functions is called as Data Encapsulation.

OOP

EVOLUTION OF OBJECTORIENTED PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES :
In general computer languages deal with two concepts-data and algorithms.The data constituate the information a program uses and process . The algorthims are the methods the program uses C,like most main stream languages to date is a procedural language,that means it emphasizes the algorthims side of programming conceptually procedural programming consists of figuring out the actions a computer.

INRODUCTION OF C++

lIKE c,c++begin itslife at Bell Labs,where Bjerrie stroustrup developed the language in the early 2980s.In this own words,"C++was primally designed so that the author and his friends would not have to the programme in saaembler ,C,or various modern high level languages.Its main purpose is to make writing good programmes easier and more pleasent for the individual programmer.strosstrup based C++ on c because of C's brevity,its suitability to system.C++ OOP aspect was inspired by a spred availability ,and its close ties to UNIX operating system.
C++OOP aspect was inspired by a computer simulation language called simula67.Strousstrup added of c without significiantly changing the component.Thus C++is a superset ofC,meaning that any valid c program is valid C++ program can be use exisiting C,softwere libraries.The name C++ comes from the C instrument operater ++ which adds 1 to the Value the variable >The name C++ correctly suggested as augmented version of C,C++ joins together two seperate programming tradintions.The procedural language tradition represent by C and object oriented programming language tradition represnted by the Enhancements C++ adds to C.The main reason to use C++ is to avail yourself of its object orianted featurs.But to do so you need a sound background in standard C for that language Provides the basic types operator,control structures and syntax more.

Hanuman

Hanuman is very powerful god and he has very surprisely history of his.If we want any wish they can easily solve help with hanuman blessings.And he is the son of the anjana-kesar.And pavan(vaayu) is protected his always .Thats he also very known as pavan putra.Hanuman helps to the students ,bussiness, and also children and total human world.If we scared to any situation just we thinking or praying about him they are gone back they never will come back .And also help to the patients also give them to good health with his bllessings.And he was prayed and loved and her oxiger is sri ram.Also they help to the ram devotees. In every villages and town in every were he had a temple.And they were celebrating 'HANUMAN JAYANTHI'.(WHICH IS HANUMAN BIRTHDAY). And also celebrating all festivals.even 'Srirama navami' also celebrating very well.and also he was celebrating in his way.Hanuman every day he prays the god of rama.Andalso like the childrens.and he help to the oldages with his blessing.Think the hanuman photo is in the pocket of barak obama whcih powerful he is?he is not only particular country or particular area.so the human world liking hanuman very well

H

vemulavada

Vemulavada is famous as the seeat of a western Chalukya temple known as Sri rajeswaraswami Temple.There is big tank which is on the northern side of the rajeswara Temple.called Dharmagundam.This a famous and and ancient temple of 1000 years history.It is said that Vemulavada Bheemakavi who is a wellknown Telugu poet.That menas A.p language acquired all this talents due to the grace of the lord of this place.thousands of have darshan of the lord is celebrated.In this months of magha and palguna the stream of devotees become endless and reaches thousands.The kalyanotsavam of the Lord is celebrated on the temple is about 7 lakhs.It is about 130miles from hyderabead connected by road.

Yadagirigutta A.P

yadagiri or as it is popularly known :Yadhagiri Gutta" is one of the importanr and holy places in telangana region.The temple is dedicated to lord vishnu known as Sri Lakshmi narasimha swamy.This is a very popular temple like the Annavam satyadeva temple.It is said that the lord here is so powerful that all incurable diseases also get cured,if the devotees worship the Lord with full faith in him.It is about 40 miles from Hyderabad and is connected both by rail and road.

sri satyanarayana swamy

This temple of Lord Satya deva is situated on a small hillock called Ratnagiri.It has annual income of about ten lakhs of rupees.Throught the year"satyanarayana Vrathams" are performed kalyanotsavam in the month of bheeshma ekadhasi are the most important festivals celebrated in this temple.Large crowds gather most important famous temples is due to to devine "yanthram"which was installed under neath the diety.Annavarm is a standing example of the growing popularity of templw worship an andhra pradesh ,though not ancient.The popularity has become so great that Annavaram has come to be looked upon as a second Tirupathi where many important religious performances like the "Satyanarayana Vratham"etc..,are performed.About a lakh of vrathams are performed annually.Annavaram which is on the bank of Chennai-culcutta Trunk road and it can be reached by rail and road.

SRI VARAHA lAKSHMI NARASIMHA SWAMY OF SIMHACHALAM

SRI RAMACHANDHRA OF BHADHRACHALAM

Another vaishnaite temple is the one at Bhadhrachalam in Khammam District.This temple of Sri sitharamswamy is on the bank of the holy Godawari.It is one of the most important srirama temples in India.more famous than even the srirama temple in 'ayodhya'.The temple was said to have been an unpretentions one in the begining of the 17th century under the care of a certain pious lady known as Tammala dhammaka.A certain person named Gopanna popularly known as Ramadas,became peassiontely devotd to this shrine and as Tashildar,effectd great improvements to the temple utilising about six lakhs of Government money,which happened to be in this custody.When he was punished for this misappropriation and imprisioned,Lord Rmachandhra came in human form,paid back the money and obtained his release.Ramadas is certainly a historical figure and the story cannot be mere fictiion. Abridge accross the godavari at this place has been completed at a cost of about a crore of rupees and has made it easy for the piligrims to visit the temple in all seasons.
Bhadhrachalam has a unique feature in as much as the sanctity of the place has been enhanced by the mixture of tredition and his story.This is perhapes the solitary instance of Muslim Partonange of a Hindu Temple.Its annual income is above 5 lakhs of rupees.vast Renovation programme is going on here.This place can be reachedby road from Hyderabad and vijayawada and rail upto Bhadhrachalam Railway station.

SRI MALLIKARJUNA OF SRISAILAM

Another very most important shrine is that of Lord Mallikarjuna at srisailam.The lina here is one of the twele famous Jyothirlingas and the place is said to be one of the eight sthals of lord siva here stala is places.There is a great sakti peetha of the Goddess Bhramaramba is the form of Kali,which is said that the great sivaji worshipped the goddess Sri Bhramaramba here and with her blessings,he regained power and saved Hinduism from the onslaught of the moguls.The lingam Here is "Adhomukha" and it is concerteted according to the cult of sakth_siva worship.Both Sakthi and siva are worshipped here in equal importance .According to the unique custom of this temple,the lingam can be touched and pooja can be performed by any devotee,Irrespective caste,creed and community till very recently the place was inacccessible,Now there is apucca black top road And regula bus services to the shrine from Guntur,Kurnool of A.p.Anumber of choultries and cottages on the model of the cottages of tirumala have been constructed and the piligrims have all the convniensesIt is also being developed as a tourist centre and when the mightly srisilam Hydro-electric project is completed,it is going to be a real beauty spot.Mythodogy has it that Vrishabha or the sacred bull of Lord siva performed panance here,and that to bless him ,Lord siva with his consort parvahti appeared in the form of Mallikajuna and Bhramaramba.The river Krirshna, called patala ganga at this part,is abudant in lingas for worship.renovation programme is going on at present.

TEMPLE OF DURGAA MAA

The Temple was situated ona a hillock almost on the bank of the scaredriver krishna.The annual income of the temple is over 10 lacks.Godess Kanaka Durgs is the preseiding deity of the town and it is stated that the town will extend vastly in the direction of facing and Sri Ammavaaru.Fridays are the most important days which attract large crowds.The whole temple and the steps leading to it are fully illuminatedon the lines of Sri chamubdeswari Temple at Mysore.During Dasara goddess Durga is worshipped by the large crowds and celebratuions during those nine days are magnificiant.The other important festival is kalyanam which comes off duringMarch_April of every year.A ghat road right up to the temple is formed now.Nowadays each every temple have particular website. and we can know more information the web site is www.Temples of A.p.com.And also called the place of maa is INDHRA KEELADRI.This name was come in the indhras name because he prayed to me for other causes and they get good blessings of maa.She is powerfull godeess to the humans.which as very intrested to the ladies,because they prayed to her about his husband and children also having the gratbleesings.jai DurgaMaa.

VENKATESWARA SWAMI VARI TEMPLE

THE first and foremost is the temple of Lord venkateswara in Tirumala Hills.In the north the Lord is Known as Balaji,and in the south as Srinivasa perumal.It is the richest temple in India with an annual income over of above 50 crores.the Lord fulfils the desires of the devotees and devotes in their turn fulfil their vows.They find a ready and immidiate response to their Pryers and this accounts for the thounds of devotees thringing the shrine every day.

Legen has it that this temple had been a scared place in all the four yugas.Inthe Krithayuga it was Known as Vrishabachala,in the Trethayuga as Anjanadri,In the dwaparayuga as Seshachale and in hence the god is called "Edu kondala vadu"the lord of the seven Hills.The main temple is a master piece of south Indian Architecture with its gopuram fcaing the east.the Vimana over the sanctum sanctorum is entirely covered with gold plate and is known as Ananda Nilayam.On Entering the sanctum sanctorun,one gets a most impreesive view of the day diety Lord venkateswara.The idol has the attributes of both Vishnu and siva.

Sri venkatachala Mhaatyam is the sthala puranam which is place background of these Holy Hills.Brahmotsavam at Tirupathi which generally falls in september attracts large crowds from all over indiaThe next important festival is a vasontotsavam which also gathers large crowds.Various amenities are provided for the pilgrims which are perhaps not found at any6 other piligrim center in the country>The glory and the greatness of the lord is indescribable and every day is a day of festival in the temple (NITYAKALYANAM PAACHATORANAM).WHO PRAYS THIS LORDM A ND THEY WERE VERY HAPPY AND VERY LUCKY TOPRAY HIM SO POWERFULL HE IS.

TEMPLES IN ANDHRA PRADESH

INDIA is a land of Relegion.south indian Temples are paticularily fmaous not only for sancity buat also for the architectural beauty.Andhra Pradesh is sancified by three rivers,Godhavi,Krishna and Pinakini, on the banks of which we have several Punya Theerthas attracting from time immemorial,Visitors from far and near.The temples serve as centers of relegious worship,as centers for propagation og Hindu Dharma for the encouragement of the study of Sanskrit language ,for the study andAdhyayana of the vedas,for the exposition of Purrans,for the performances of harikathas,for encouragement of poetry,painting and sculpture and for the propafation of wholesome music.Some ofthem large surpluses have also been able to maintain institutions of public utility like Orphanages,Libraries,Reading Rooms,Colleges,High schools etc.. so necessary in a welfare state .starting from the sun temple at Arisavalliin Srikakulam District in the north,to the famoys temple of lord Venkateswara of Tirupati in Chittore district in the South,there are numerous temples both along coast and in hinterland.Some of the temples are legendry but many have history that can be traced to thousands of years.There are,of course ,several with a mediveal origin as well,while templet of contemporery origin are also not wanting.By and large brought it.Even if the retain their past glory,as also the power that brought it.Even if the fairly well-known temples are listed out,their number will run in to a few hundreds dotted all over the state.The following paas,therefore give brief account of a few well known templea of Andhra Pradesh